把
bǎ
把 is the hand that pulls the thing to the front
The picture A hand picking something up, setting it down in front of you, and then saying what was done to it. 把 watches from the hand that takes hold; 被 watches from the thing it happened to. 他把杯子打碎了 and 杯子被他打碎了 are one scene seen from the hand or from the cup.
Where the picture shows up in 把
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take it and shut it
请把门关上。
qǐng bǎ mén guān shàng
Could you close the door?
A hand takes the handle, pulls it toward you, and the door clicks into its frame.
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took it and left it behind
我把钥匙忘在家里了。
wǒ bǎ yàoshi wàng zài jiā li le
I left my keys at home.
You pick up the keys, set them on the hall shelf, and walk out the door anyway.
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take it and send it off
你把这份文件发给他。
nǐ bǎ zhè fèn wénjiàn fā gěi tā
Send this document over to him.
You pick up the document, slide it into an envelope, and write his name on the front.
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took it and broke it
他把杯子打碎了。
tā bǎ bēizi dǎ suì le
He broke the cup.
The cup slips out of the hand, hits the floor and scatters into pieces.
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take it and switch it over
把手机调成静音。
bǎ shǒujī tiáo chéng jìngyīn
Put your phone on silent.
You pick up the phone, push the side switch all the way down, and the vibrate icon appears.
The verb after 把 cannot stand alone. Something has to say how it ended up, as in 关上, 忘在, 打碎.
All of it in one picture
The handle is taken and the door clicks shut; the keys are picked up and left on the shelf; the document is picked up and sealed away; the cup slips and becomes pieces; the phone is picked up and switched over. In all five the hand takes hold of the thing first, and only then does the sentence say what became of it. 把 is that grabbing hand, which is why something must follow saying how it ended up. A bare verb will not stand there, it needs 关上, 忘在, 发给, 打碎, 调成.