The same arrow, one notch higher: 께

Where the picture shows up in 께

1. 1

   handed upward

   할머니께 드렸어요.

   hal-meo-ni-kke deu-ryeo-sseo-yo

   I gave it to my grandmother.

2. 2

   words sent upward

   사장님께 말씀드릴게요.

   sa-jang-nim-kke mal-sseum-deu-ril-ge-yo

   I'll bring it up with the boss.

3. 3

   writing sent upward

   선생님께 편지를 썼습니다.

   seon-saeng-nim-kke pyeon-ji-reul sseot-seum-ni-da

   I wrote a letter to my teacher.

4. 4

   what came down from above

   부모님께 배웠어요.

   bu-mo-nim-kke bae-wo-sseo-yo

   I learned it from my parents.

   Even when you are the one receiving, keep 께 if the other person is the one you honor.

5. 5

   seating a customer higher

   고객님께 안내 문자를 보냈습니다.

   go-gaek-nim-kke an-nae mun-ja-reul bo-naet-seum-ni-da

   We sent the customer a text with the details.

   께 marks the receiver, 께서 marks the subject. 사장님께서 오셨어요 and 사장님께 드렸어요 are not interchangeable.