べき
beki
べき isn't "have to" — it's a ruler held over the situation
The picture A straight ruler of right and wrong, held over the situation from above. Not your circumstances — what the ruler points at. べき is the direction the ruler of right and wrong points; なければならない is the one road left after every other one is blocked.
Where the picture shows up in べき
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where the ruler points
これはすぐ上司に報告すべきです。
kore wa sugu jōshi ni hōkoku subeki desu
This should be reported to the boss right away.
You hold the ruler over the document on your desk and the arrow points straight at your boss's seat.
With する, the set form すべき is more common than するべき.
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the same ruler for everyone
約束は守るべきだと思います。
yakusoku wa mamorubeki da to omoimasu
I think promises should be kept.
The same single ruler laid in turn over each person's very different circumstances.
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over the line
お客様の前でそんなことを言うべきではありません。
okyakusama no mae de sonna koto o iubeki de wa arimasen
You shouldn't say that in front of a customer.
The words spoken in front of the customer stick out past the last mark on the ruler.
Saying べきです straight to someone sounds like a lecture. 「~したほうがいいと思います」lands softer.
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the ruler held up afterwards
もっと早く病院に行くべきでした。
motto hayaku byōin ni ikubeki deshita
I should have gone to the doctor sooner.
The ruler held over a date already gone by, measuring how far off you were.
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where the ruler belongs
注意すべき点が三つあります。
chūi subeki ten ga mittsu arimasu
There are three points to watch out for.
Three marks stamped on the document, exactly where the ruler needs to be laid.
All of it in one picture
べき is one ruler, not five rules. Held over the document, its arrow points at your boss; laid in turn over each person's different circumstances, the markings never change. Words that stick out past the last mark become べきではない, and the ruler held over a date already past becomes べきでした. Point at where it needs laying and you get 注意すべき点. So when you meet べき, never ask about your own situation — only where the ruler points.