石
shí
The lump that nothing dents — that is 石
The picture A hard lump fallen at the foot of a cliff, taking no mark no matter how you strike it. 石 takes no dent from a blow; 木 lets a blade sink straight in.
Where the picture shows up in 石
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the hard lump in the road
路上有一块大石头。
lùshang yǒu yí kuài dà shítou
There's a big stone in the road.
A lump in the middle of the road that does not budge when you shove it with your foot
块 is the measure word for lumps and chunks.
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oil drawn from between stones
石油又涨价了。
shíyóu yòu zhǎngjià le
Petrol has gone up again.
A hole drilled through hard rock and black oil surging up out of it
石油 is literally stone oil — you can watch the word being built.
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too hard for teeth
这个面包太硬了。
zhège miànbāo tài yìng le
This bread is way too hard.
Teeth skidding off a loaf, leaving only a sore jaw
The left half of 硬 is 石.
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clay baked stone-hard
再给我一个碗。
zài gěi wǒ yí ge wǎn
Could I get one more bowl?
Shaped clay coming out of the fire as hard as stone
碗 also carries 石 on the left.
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hard things going to pieces
杯子掉地上碎了。
bēizi diào dìshang suì le
The cup fell on the floor and shattered.
A hard cup meeting the floor and scattering into dozens of pieces
碎 is to break into fragments — only hard things break this way.
All of it in one picture
石 is a lump so hard that striking it leaves no mark. Set that lump in the road and it is a stone; draw black oil out from between such lumps and it is petroleum. Let food get that hard and it is hard to bite; bake clay until it is that firm and it is a bowl; let that hardness give way all at once and it is shattering. So a character carrying 石 is always talking about hardness, and what happens to hard things.