닦다
dak-da
Koreans rub their teeth — and rub the groundwork too
The picture A surface is rubbed until what clung to it lifts away and the spot is left smooth. 닦다 rubs it off and presses it flat; 씻다 sends it away in running water.
Where the picture shows up in 닦다
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rubbed off with cloth
수건으로 땀 좀 닦으세요.
su-geo-neu-ro ttam jom da-kkeu-se-yo
Here, wipe the sweat off with a towel.
A towel presses and drags across a forehead, drinking the beads of sweat into the cloth
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a surface rubbed smooth
테이블을 깨끗이 닦아 주세요.
te-i-beu-reul kkae-kkeu-si da-kka ju-se-yo
Please wipe the table clean.
Wherever the rag has passed the table is bright and unmarked, a clean path behind it
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scraped out with a brush
자기 전에 이를 꼭 닦아요.
ja-gi jeo-ne i-reul kkok da-kka-yo
I always brush my teeth before bed.
A toothbrush travels between the teeth, scraping out what was wedged in, foam rising white
Korean brushes teeth with 닦다, not 씻다: the point is the rubbing, not the water.
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rubbed up to a shine
면접 전에 구두를 닦았어요.
myeon-jeop jeo-ne gu-du-reul da-kka-sseo-yo
I polished my shoes before the interview.
A dry cloth goes over the toe of the shoe again and again until the lamp is reflected in it
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ground rubbed flat and firm
기본부터 차근차근 닦아야 해요.
gi-bon-bu-teo cha-geun-cha-geun da-kka-ya hae-yo
You have to work up from the basics, step by step.
A bumpy dirt patch is pushed and tamped until it is firm enough to set a house on
All of it in one picture
닦다 is one picture: rubbing a surface until it lies clean and flat. A towel crosses a forehead and lifts the sweat; a rag crosses a table and the stain disappears; a brush travels between teeth and scrapes out what was wedged there. Rub a shoe's toe with dry cloth and a shine comes up; grade and press a bumpy patch of ground and you have a base solid enough to build on. With 닦다, whatever you rub comes out even.